Saeede Esmaeeli; Hooshang Yazdani
Abstract
Developing Techniques to Improve L2 Learning Motivation and Willingness to Communicate through Utilizing Johari Window Model in Foreign Language ContextsAbstractThis study deciphered whether increasing learners’ L2 self-awareness using ‘Johari Window Model’ (JWM) as a self-regulatory ...
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Developing Techniques to Improve L2 Learning Motivation and Willingness to Communicate through Utilizing Johari Window Model in Foreign Language ContextsAbstractThis study deciphered whether increasing learners’ L2 self-awareness using ‘Johari Window Model’ (JWM) as a self-regulatory model ended in higher levels of motivation and WTC. It also argued that learners’ L2 Possible Selves, through guided imagery and vision-building treatments, promote their L2 motivation and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in the Iranian English language learning environment. Fifty-eight L2 learners, homogenized at the intermediate level, from both genders and with an average age of 22, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. They were Persian-speaking university students majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and Translation Studies (TS). Researchers initially established different arenas of JWM for each L2 learner based on their answers to the pretest, L2 Possible selves, and WTC questionnaires and using their narrative writings on pre-planned scenarios. In 12 weeks-intervention and via semi-scripted interviews, researchers utilized guided visualization to train learners to use their L2 self-awareness via JWM protocols to increase their L2MSS and WTC. Two questionnaires were re-administered after the intervention as a post-test to see the significant effects of treatment. Findings of descriptive statistics revealed that the treatment had significant positive impacts on L2 learners’ ideal self, learning experience, self-awareness, and WTC, but not on ought-to self. The implications show avenues for studies on L2 learners’ self-awareness and motivation and suggest the uses of JWM as a guideline in teacher training courses.Keywords: Johari Window Model, L2 motivational Self-system, L2 self-awareness, vision, Willingness to Communicate
saeedeh Javidkar; hoda Divsar; Masoud Saeedi; Ali Hadavizadeh
Abstract
The current study investigated whether autonomy-supportive teaching (AST) could predict EFL learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC), self-regulation (SR), academic engagement (AE), and perceived locus of control (LOC). To this end, 120 intermediate EFL learners were selected based on convenience ...
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The current study investigated whether autonomy-supportive teaching (AST) could predict EFL learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC), self-regulation (SR), academic engagement (AE), and perceived locus of control (LOC). To this end, 120 intermediate EFL learners were selected based on convenience sampling. To ensure the participants’ familiarity with autonomy supporting strategies, they received instruction based on Reeve’s (2009) model in 18 sessions. Oxford Quick Placement Test, Learning Climate Questionnaire, Willingness to Communicate Questionnaire, Academic Self-regulated Learning Scale, Academic Engagement Questionnaire, and Index of Internal Locus of Control were utilized to gather the data. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was evaluated on path coefficient estimates, t-value, the effect sizes (f2), and the coefficient of determination (R2). The overall model fit SRMR < 0.080 < HI95 supported the postulated model. The f2 values for the weight of the magnitude effect size predicted a significant effect size in the structural model. The results of R2 revealed significant positive paths from AST to SR, AE, WTC, and LOC implying that the observants merged in coalition with each other in a contingent context to predict the viability of autonomy-supportive teaching. Further significant paths were identified from SR to WTC and AE, and from AE and the LOC to WTC. The findings also indicated that AE and SR indirectly influence learners’ WTC via LOC. The study offers theoretical and pedagogical implications to EFL teachers and students.
Davoud Amini; Saleh Ashrafi
Abstract
A remarkable body of empirical research within form-focused language teaching framework has examined the tripartite dimensions of corrective feedback, i.e., linguistic, contextual and individual aspects, in isolation. Nonetheless, a holistic understanding of the role of oral corrective feedback (CF) ...
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A remarkable body of empirical research within form-focused language teaching framework has examined the tripartite dimensions of corrective feedback, i.e., linguistic, contextual and individual aspects, in isolation. Nonetheless, a holistic understanding of the role of oral corrective feedback (CF) in the acquisition of L2 forms seems to rely on uncovering how these dimensions function in interaction with each other. The present study aimed to examine the differential effects of immediate and delayed feedback in the acquisition of English simple past form, and the hypothesized moderating effect of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) on the effectiveness of feedback timing. Sixty pre-intermediate-level Iranian EFL learners participated in an experiment as members of immediate and delayed feedback groups, and each learner was differentiated as either high-WTC or low-WTC, based on the result of WTC questionnaire. The pedagogical gains were assessed with a grammaticality judgment test at three different points of time, pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test. The results of a Two-way ANCOVA showed no significant difference between immediate and delayed CF in short-term and long-term acquisition. Despite the insignificant interaction effect witnessed between feedback timing and WTC, the findings demonstrated that learners with high-WTC in both groups outperformed slightly in comparison to low-WTC learners. The results are interpreted in light of the number and duration of feedback treatment sessions as well as the instruments used for measuring the acquisition outcome. It is suggested that further studies be conducted concerning the interactions between instructional, interactional and learner-internal aspects of CF functioning.
Saeid Noorbar; Homa Jafarpour Mamaghani
Volume 3, Issue 4 , November 2016, , Pages 103-75
Abstract
Regarding the issue of whether or not the use of L2 learners’ mother tongue should be allowed in the classroom, there has been a discord among scholars, each giving reasons for their claim. Considering this lack of consensus, this study was an attempt to investigate the effect of code-switching ...
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Regarding the issue of whether or not the use of L2 learners’ mother tongue should be allowed in the classroom, there has been a discord among scholars, each giving reasons for their claim. Considering this lack of consensus, this study was an attempt to investigate the effect of code-switching (CS) on Iranian elementary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ oral fluency, accuracy, and willingness to communicate (WTC). To carry out this study, a sample of 60 high-elementary level EFL learners was chosen to take part. After a Key English Test (KET) was administered to ensure homogeneity of the learners, they were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The study used a quasi-experimental design. The instruments used to obtain the needed data were a WTC questionnaire providing quantifiable data on learners’ WTC both inside and outside the classroom, and the speaking section of a KET as pre-test and post-test to see whether the learners’ oral fluency and accuracy changed significantly over the course of the treatment. The results of a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) statistical analysis revealed positive effect of CS on the participants’ WTC and oral accuracy and fluency. The results of the present study can contribute to the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) and be of use for practitioners and material developers.